Laryngeal Papilloma
Vocal cord papillomas are benign (non-cancerous) growths that form on the vocal cords, caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). These growths can affect the ability to speak and breathe, as they interfere with the normal vibration of the vocal cords needed for sound production. Papillomas can vary in size and number, and while they are not cancerous, they often recur, requiring repeated treatments, such as surgical removal. Symptoms include hoarseness, a breathy voice, chronic coughing, or even difficulty breathing if the growths become large enough to obstruct the airway. Papillomas can affect both adults and children, and early diagnosis and management are essential to maintain vocal function and airway health.
What treatments are available for vocal cord papilloma?
When vocal cord papilloma is newly diagnosed, I recommend surgery to confirm the diagnosis and remove the growths. A sample of the papilloma is sent for viral subtyping to identify the specific strain of human papillomavirus (HPV) responsible. In most cases, the virus is a benign subtype, such as subtypes 7 and 11. However, in a small number of cases, subtypes 16 and 18, which are associated with a higher risk of cancer, may be detected, and these require closer monitoring.
During surgery, I thoroughly examine the entire upper airway to check for any spread of papilloma into the windpipe. The papilloma are removed using a combination of CO2 and KTP lasers. Following surgery, I recommend vaccination with Gardasil 9, which targets HPV and has been shown in studies to reduce recurrence rates.
If the papilloma returns, they can often be treated with laser procedures in the clinic under local anaesthesia. This approach helps minimise the need for multiple surgeries under general anaesthetic.
What does surgery involve?
I perform surgery for vocal cord papilloma at The London Clinic. It’s usually a day-case procedure, meaning you’ll come in and return home on the same day. The surgery is carried out under general anaesthetic, so you’ll be asleep throughout.
Most patients experience minimal discomfort after the procedure, which can be managed with simple painkillers. You’ll need to rest your voice for two days and take a week off work to recover. I’ll typically see you back in the clinic one to two weeks after the surgery to check your progress.
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